Journal: EBioMedicine
Article Title: Paricalcitol accelerates BACE1 lysosomal degradation and inhibits calpain-1 dependent neuronal loss in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.014
Figure Lengend Snippet: PAL treatment decreases BACE1 expression in APP/PS1 mice. (a) Sections from APP/PS1 mouse brians were co-stained with VDR (green) and NeuN (red); the merged image from cortex shows the predominant localization of VDR in NeuN-positive neurons, and the large arrows and small arrows show the localization of VDR in the epithelium and glial cells, respectively. (b-c) Inhibition of total and nuclear SREBP2 were associated with VDR activation in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. n = 8. (d) PAL treatment dramatically suppressed the expression of BACE1 but caused no significant differences in the protein levels of APP, ADAM10 or PS1 in APP/PS1 mouse brains. n = 8. (e) Immunoblotting showed that the protein levels of sAPPβ and C99 are decreased, but the protein levels of sAPPα and C83 are unchanged in APP/PS1 mouse brains after PAL treatment. n = 8. (f) APP and BACE1 mRNA expression levels were not significantly different in APP/PS1 mouse brains after PAL treatment. n = 6. (g) PAL treatment induced a marked upregulation of LRP1 without altering the expression of APOE, RAGE, IDE and NEP in APP/PS1 mouse brains. n = 8. (h) PAL treatment increased the immunointensity of LAMP1 in CA3 region. Three sections/brain, n = 6. (i) The lysosomal markers (LAMP1 and LAMP2) were increased in APP/PS1 mouse cortex after PAL treatment. n = 6. (j) Co-localizations of BACE1 and LAMP1 were increased in CA3 region after PAL treatment. The white arrows show BACE1 is not co-localized with LAMP1. Three sections/brain, n = 5. (k) The expression levels of rab5c (early endosomal marker) and rab7a (late endosomal marker) were significantly reduced in APP/PS1 mouse brains after PAL treatment. n = 8. * p < .05, ** p < .01 (Student's- t -test). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Article Snippet: Equal proteins were subjected to SDS/PAGE to separate, the proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated with mouse anti-VDR (Santa Cruz, sc-13,133, 1: 500), rabbit anti-BACE1 (Abcam, ab183612, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-APP695 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2452, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-C-APP (Sigma, SAB4200535, 1:1000), rabbit anti-PS1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 5643, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-AMAD 10 (Cell Signaling Technology, 14,194, 1: 1000), mouse anti-soluble amyloid precursor α (sAPPα; Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 11,088, 1: 500), mouse anti-soluble amyloid precursor β (sAPPβ; Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 10,321, 1: 500), rabbit anti-advanced glycation end products (RAGE; Sigma, SAB2105049, 1: 1000), goat anti-apolipoprotein (APOE; Santa Cruz, sc-6384, 1: 500), mouse anti-LRP1 (Santa Cruz, sc-57,353, 1: 400), rabbit anti-LRP1 (Abcam, ab92544, 1: 8000), mouse anti-insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE; Santa Cruz, sc-514,458, 1:500), mouse anti-neprilysin (NEP; Santa Cruz, sc-46,656, 1: 500), mouse anti-HSP70 (Themo Fisher Scientific, MA3–008, 1: 2000), rabbit anti-Rab5c (Themo Fisher Scientific, PA5–36606, 1: 500), goat anti-Rab7a (Biorbyt, orb180471, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-postsynaptic density proteins 95 (PSD95; Cell Signaling Technology, 3409, 1: 2000), mouse anti-synaptophysin (SYP; Santa Cruz, sc-365,488, 1:1000), mouse anti-OGG1 (Santa Cruz, sc-376,935, 1: 500), mouse anti-MTH1 (Santa Cruz, sc-271,082, 1: 500), mouse anti-MUTYH (Santa Cruz, sc-374,571, 1: 500), rabbit anti-LAMP1 (Abcam, ab24170, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-LAMP2 (Abcam, ab18528, 1: 1000), rabbit anti-NeuN (Cell Signaling Technology, 12,943 s, 1: 2000), rabbit anti-IL-1β (Santa Cruz, sc-7884, 1: 500) or mouse anti-TNFα (Santa Cruz, sc-52,746, 1: 500) overnight at 4 °C.
Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Inhibition, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Marker